You could use Termux for this. However, you won’t be able to use containers. You would need to either build it from sources or run it in proot. I also think the DNS settings in Android are limited so you may have trouble getting it to work. You would need pihole to listen on a random available port and then somehow get android to send DNS to that port. So it probably wouldn’t work.

However, your welcome to try just make sure you use the F-droid version of Termux.